This presentation, delivered at the Fall Purdue Process Safety & Assurance Center (P2SAC) Conference on Wednesday, December 6, 2024, focuses on the Optima Belle incident with reference to others including AB Specialty Silicones and T2 Laboratories. Common causes for these incidents are reviewed, with a focus on identification of thermal and reactive chemical hazards. This step is critical in the overall hazard identification and risk analysis strategy with the purpose of establishing a Design Basis of Safety.